Most perianal abscesses occur after blockage and infection of an anal gland. This can sometimes result in a fistula in ano.

Other causes may include inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, previous anal infections, trauma or injury, radiation therapy, certain infections and, rarely, malignancy.

Diagnosis typically begins with a medical history and physical examination. Additional investigations may include physical examination, MRI scan, endoanal ultrasound and examination under anaesthesia, also known as EUA.

Some symptoms may improve temporarily; however, many perianal fistulas persist because the underlying tract remains present.

Management options depend on the type and complexity of the fistula and should be discussed with a colorectal specialist.

Treatment recommendations vary according to the fistula's anatomy, complexity and relationship to the anal sphincter muscles.

Recovery varies depending on the procedure performed and the complexity of the fistula. Patients may be advised to maintain good hygiene, take prescribed medications as directed, follow dietary recommendations, maintain adequate fluid intake, attend follow-up appointments and gradually return to normal activities as advised.

Medical assessment should be considered if you experience persistent anal pain, recurrent abscesses, ongoing discharge near the anus, swelling or redness around the anal area, or symptoms affecting daily activities.

At Elevio Colorectal & Pelvic Floor Clinic, we provide comprehensive assessment and management of perianal fistulas and other anorectal conditions.

Treatment recommendations are tailored to each patient's individual circumstances following specialist consultation and appropriate investigations.

If you are experiencing symptoms of a perianal fistula, a consultation with a colorectal surgeon can help determine the cause of your symptoms and discuss available management options.